My takeaway from BNW was a warning against blindly embracing a society built only on good feelings and numbing anything that forces us to confront pain. The oppression was more or less a side effect of it.
Everyone in the upper classes were okay that lower classes were being oppressed because they all were just as happy thanks to Soma. The pain of the outsiders didn't mean anything because they "chose" to live like that.
Genetic engineering was just a plot device to explain how the classes were chosen.
They make it super easy to turn off catching and DNS proxy if you're worried about that, too. And they at least make their goals clear.
They don't provide free services out of the goodness of their hearts, but because some users will go back to their company and convince them to get their paid services.
It's the same reason a lot of software is free for college students and educators.
It's a bit of hyperbole, but Lemmygrad and Hexbear aren't far off.
A lot of their users believe that Russia is a communist state, not some crony capitalist society that would make Bezos blush. They also seem to really love Trump for some reason.
About five or six years ago, most creditors started using a different FICO model which doesn't include medical debt. Basically, the idea is that being unable to pay medical debt says very little about how well you can handle debt.
There are also models that don't consider student loans, but those aren't used as often.
There has to be some form of bankruptcy, isn't there?
When you declare bankruptcy, you're basically going to the courts and saying, "Look. I don't have the money or the income to cover all my debts. I need help." If the court agrees, they'll force all your creditors to come to the table to negotiate.
The court determines what assets you can keep and determines the best way to divvy up what's left. Usually you keep your house, car, and basic necessities but that can vary. Some states don't protect the house or car but even then the court will consider if it's cheaper or better for you to keep either of those than to go rent a new house and take alternate transportation.
Then they look at your income and decide what you can afford to pay over time. If your income is too low, they may consider all your debts settled at that point. Otherwise, they may set up a payment plan for so many years and consider you even after that.
Medical debt is the number one reason for bankruptcy. To twist the knife a bit, people who have large medical bills are often in a physical condition that makes it hard to work. About 2/3 of all bankruptcies, or 530,000 families annually, cite their medical bills when filing. After that is mortgage debt (45%), living beyond their means (44.5%), providing help to friends and family (28.5%), student loans (25.5%), and divorce (24.5%).
It can vary heavily like you're saying. By law, all hospitals must treat all patients who arrive at the ER.
Most hospitals have programs so they can provide care for those who can't afford it, though. Usually around 20-25% of their revenue is used to cover those patients.
If you qualify for Medicaid, they can backdate your enrollment so you'd be covered even before you arrived at the hospital. Coverage can vary, but this usually should cover all medical bills at no cost.
The big issue usually isn't people who have no insurance or are too poor. It's from hospitals treating you while your insurance refuses to pay. Normally this is because the bill was miscoded, but it can also be due to an uncovered treatment, high deductibles and OOP limits, or the insurance just being greedy.
Sometimes the hospital or doctors can work things out to minimize your bills, other times they can't.
A lot of the protections above came about because of the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare). Before then, there were common horror stories of people who had hundreds of thousands in medical debt because they reached their lifetime maximum coverage - something that's illegal now. Insurance could (and often would) just tell people they're on their own from now on because it's too expensive to keep them alive. Your coverage could be changed whenever the insurance company felt like it. And up until last year, they could make you pay for treatment if an out-of-network doctor decided to pop on by while you're at an in-network facility.
Iirc we have also removed genetic anomalies from fetuses, too.