https://github.com/Alex313031/Thorium-Android
There is this browser it supports arm32, I don't see support for armeabi v7a, I don't know will it work, not really familiar with tech side of that
https://www.viayoo.com/en/
This is browser for older devices, very lightweight, even managed to install older version on Android 2.3.4
I think its more Android 13 problem, I use Android 13 custom ROM and in Google Play it shows my device isn't compatible with this version error in some of the apps
You just click those white spaces and it will show text, also at the end there is toogle (Show/Hide) web.
Altough there is only text you can't click on links.
You can use some of the alternatives like Piped in web browser or desktop app called FreeTube