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  • Do what works if your goal is to pass exams / tests.

    BUT

    just be aware that past papers are not a full guide to what you might be asked, sometimes a novel question comes up that would require you to make use of the theory to find your way through

  • It would not immediately be obvious but would have catastrophic knock on effects.

    For day to day living the first thing people would notice is their home WiFi stops working and their mobile phone doesn't work at all (calls, mobile data, WiFi). And - as most countries still do it - terrestrial TV broadcasts would suddenly stop (possibly affects rural areas more, many homes in urban centres use cable but obviously this depends on your country). Radio would stop working obviously.

    Military-wise it would probably mean immediately going to a state of high alert as a simultaneous loss of communication to many places would be interpreted as an attack that needs immediately investigating. While the military network is resilient and has non-radio ways of communicating it's not expecting to switch to this in an instant and there would be great paranoia about what's actually going on.

    All planes would cease being able to communicate with ATC which would effectively ground the entire civilian air space. Instrument landing systems (runway radio beacons) would stop working so all landings would be manual, if the weather was bad pilots would have to divert without being able to check availability with anyone. Clearing the air without radio is a mammoth task and there would almost certainly be accidents as multiple planes try to approach the same run ways, or land on ones that are occupied, or run out of fuel seeing congested runways below and nowhere to go.

    Urban rail transit would grind to a halt with drivers losing comms with signal switch stations. Some have non radio alternatives but with every walkie talkie ceasing to work this may not be enough. The network (like the tube and the metro) would halt and slowly manage an evacuation.

    There would be general chaos trying to get to work (inc hospitals and other key workers) as RFID security passes stop working and everyone has to be validated manually.

    Overall, apart from with airlines, I think the first day it would be inconvenient but not lethal. But then what would follow would be a lot of urban society being unable to function safely. Delivery via air would grind to a halt. Any location requiring security would lock down as security staff would have no way of communicating out of sight unless the place still had wired phones. Governments would immediately be assessing how long their national stockpiles would last without air freight. Possibly highways would get nationalised under emergency government control to prioritise road freight.

    China would possibly invade Taiwan. It would be disastrous attempting an invasion without radio but they would probably have calculated that it affect the Americans worse.

  • Article text since no one should be giving this drivel pageviews...

    A breakthrough in quantum physics could pave the way to achieving a quantum Internet.

    Noa Leach Published: December 20, 2024 at 4:00 pm

    In a breakthrough for human communication, scientists have achieved the impossible: quantum teleportation. But before you shout “Beam me up, Scotty,” this new technology is not designed for teleporting people or things, but information.

    Specifically, scientists have worked out how to teleport information almost instantly and over any distance – without needing any future technology. Instead, they think they can make quantum teleportation possible through existing networks.

    “This is incredibly exciting because nobody thought it was possible,” said Prof Prem Kumar of Northwestern University in the US, who led the study.

    “Our work shows a path towards next-generation quantum and classical networks sharing a unified fibre optic infrastructure. Basically, it opens the door to pushing quantum communications to the next level.”

    Optical communications, meaning any communication method that converts signals into light to transmit information, are central to most telecommunications systems (fibre optics are a type of optical communication).

    Published in the journal Optica, the new research proposes that the breakthrough could make these communications super secure and nearly instantaneous – limited only by the speed of light. 'Like a bicycle on a busy highway'

    So how does it work? Quantum teleportation relies on a phenomenon known as quantum entanglement, where two particles are linked regardless of how far apart they are, and don’t need to physically travel to exchange information.

    While classical communications are made of millions of light particles, quantum communications only use pairs of single photons (light particles). Previously, researchers thought these individual photons wouldn’t be able to make it through the busy highway of classical communication particles – like a wobbly bicycle trying to weave around massive trucks in an underground tunnel.

    But the Northwestern team, funded by the US Department of Energy, found a way to guide the delicate photons through. First, they studied how light scatters within fibre optic cables. Light consists of various wavelengths, and the team identified a specific wavelength that faces less interference from other signals, making it easier for photons to pass through. They placed the photon on this wavelength, and also added special filters to reduce noise from regular Internet traffic.

    To test this, they then set up a 30km (18.6 mile)-long fibre optic cable with a photon at either end and then sent both regular Internet traffic and quantum information through it.

    To their surprise, the test was successful: despite the busy Internet traffic whizzing through at the same time, the quality of quantum information at the receiving end was good. A huge breakthrough

    “With 2025 designated by the UN as the International Year of Quantum Technology, this research is very timely,” Prof Jim Al-Khalili, who was not involved in the study, told BBC Science Focus.

    “Quantum teleportation has been demonstrated before, but only under very careful laboratory conditions. The problem is that quantum-entangled particles used to teleport information quickly become entangled with everything else along their path.

    “The entirety of telecommunications technology (and indeed the internet) relies on transmitting light (photons) through optical fibres. This work is the first demonstration of quantum teleportation of entangled photons through busy optical fibres carrying conventional telecommunications traffic.”

    But why is it so important that this teleportation works over conventional networks? Surely the whole point of teleportation is that you don’t need cables. True – but this breakthrough takes away the need for new infrastructure, bringing its use in our daily lives considerably closer.

    “Many people have long assumed that nobody would build specialised infrastructure to send particles of light,” Kumar said. “If we choose the wavelengths properly, we won’t have to build new infrastructure. Classical communications and quantum communications can coexist.”

    Al-Khalili added: “Being able to make use of quantum teleportation in our existing infrastructure of optical fibre networks would be a huge breakthrough in achieving quantum networks. It will have many applications, from quantum cryptography and quantum sensing to quantum computing, and potentially even a new quantum Internet.”

    Next, Kumar plans to test quantum teleportation over longer distances, as well as trying two pairs of entangled photons rather than one. This would achieve another milestone in quantum teleportation: entanglement swapping – when two particles that have never interacted before become entangled – which is important for improving the quality and security of a transmission.

    After that, the team will test everything in real-life inground cables – the last step before it can become fully integrated into our communications networks.

    About our expert

    Jim Al-Khalili CBE FRS is a theoretical physicist who is currently Distinguished Professor Emeritus in Physics at the University of Surrey. He also presents The Life Scientific on BBC Radio 4 and has written numerous books, including The Joy of Science, The World According to Physics and Sunfall.

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  • The first two that spring to mind that committed acts of terrorism had at least some "logic". Anders Breivik attacked government building and a political youth camp to punish the Labour Party which he blamed for immigration. Thomas Meir killed Jo Cox because she was pro immigration. Etc. I'm struggling to think of an act of right wing terrorism as nonsensical as what's just happened in Germany..

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  • It does seem strange a refugee from Saudi would suddenly be so passionately pro German he kills innocent people to... protect them from Islam. I mean.. maybe? If it turned out to be a false flag that would also be strange. Weird and tragic either way tbh..

  • Specifically, scientists have worked out how to teleport information almost instantly and over any distance – without needing any future technology

    Either this is a world changing discovery that breaks everything that I'm hearing about only in.. checks.. the BBC Science Magazine

    Or.. it's complete wank clickbait nonsense

    OH WHICH IS IT GOING TO BE?!

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  • I've got to say, even Islamic terrorism makes more sense as an ideology than whatever this guy is on about.. Terrorising your fellow citizens else Islam will get them. How does that even make sense?

  • "liberal democracy wrings its hands". Liberal democracy does not take seriously the fact that a lot of its population prefer either far far slower cultural integration or a more homogenous culture. Or both.

    The rise of Christian nationalist terrorism is the result.

    Global trade is preferred by capitalists, governments and urban elites. So the struggle takes on a class quality. It's the working class who place a different degree of value on what they perceived to be their culture. And it's the working class that tend to be on the receiving end of immigrations less pleasant side effects.

    (That's not meant to imply immigration is a bad thing, I don't think it is, done properly)

    The result is the resurgence of fascism.