In simple terms, it's like a VM for an application. You set it up with the right dependencies and your application will "just work" on it, without having to deal with other applications existing alongside it.
What makes it better than a VM is that it is much faster. It interfaces with kernel features that help isolate the processes and files from the rest of the system. It is not virtualization, rather it is namespacing.
Docker also provides a bunch of tools that help with creating this environment automatically and allowing for some escaping into the host, such as binding ports and sharing data with the host's file system.
Once this environment is created, it can be shared with uses as a single downloadable bundle, called an image. This makes it really easy to download and run an application without having to prepare your system with the right dependencies and files.
Nothing is free though, and the cost here is more disk space and some performance overhead, although it is close to native speed.
The Arch Wiki gives good tips on what environment variables to set to make sure that your GUIs are running with Wayland native and not XWayland. I have a Framework and I don't have any blurry text issues, and I've done all the settings in this section.
I use Home Assistant for controlling my smart lights. They do support Docker, but I installed it as a VM with KVM. You get more features with it, such as add-ons. But you should definitely look into your options. They have a diagram on this page.
Y'all have terrible tab hygiene. I have 0 tabs 99% of the time, phone and desktop. Need something for later? Write it down. Once you're past so many tabs, you'll never look at it again.
90% of my work is done in WSL anyways... I would much rather have KDE as my DE than Windows 11. Please Microsoft, if you love Linux so much now, port Office to it, and maybe my employer would be ok with it.
Sounds like a fun speedrun. What's your PB?