A cohesive culture has definitely formed distinct from the rest of the fediverse. I think microblogging as a paradigm kind of lends itself to this but Lemmy certainly has a distinct culture as well.
I don't think it's fair to write off the entire medium like that. They all share a common ancestor in Twitter and I think it's fair to say the toxicity is inherited from there.
The biggest problem with traditional forums is the fact that participation requires yet another account. This is the most significant thing that discord has going for it, nearly everybody already has a discord account. Federated forums mostly solve this issue tho
I saw a highly upvoted post the other day about how a user would downvote all movie trailers because they considered them ads. A wild choice to make when you could just unsub from the movie communities? I think this is very much Lemmy's brand of toxicity
Only because it's mostly broken. In a world where these features are fully functional, this is absolutely a killer feature. Lemmy has particularly bad support among the broader fediverse and that's certainly impacting how much of it you see.
That is for the fediverse overall. Most of that comes from Mastodon. I personally have a little more faith in fedidb.org and their numbers. Also, worth noting the criteria for active users on Lemmy was recently changed to include votes, whereas before it only counted comments and posts.
Putin himself has always been a strong contender