Also to clarify, the rationale for tip based workers having a lower default minimum wage is that if they do not come up to the regular minimum wage with their tips+salary, then employer has to make up the difference. But usually they end up making more than minimum wage with the tips.
It really worked well for my use case during the pandemic. I was in a research lab and while I did most of my computational work from home, when I had experiments to do I would go in, and used dex to update my data spreadsheets and collect imaging, upload to our computational cluster and be able to run some basic stuff on that through an ssh terminal. I was just using Google sheets for my basic data entry. And I had a dock already set up there for my laptop, which had attached ethernet, a monitor, keyboard, and mouse. So I could just plug my phone into the USB c and have an instant solution that worked just like a computer and connected to the secure network over ethernet (which was required for the fastest upload to the cluster).
The biggest limitations was only being able to have 5 windows open at once, but for the limited tasks I needed to do, it worked well enough.
Yes unfortunately intelligence does not seem to be a protective factor against media illiteracy. That is also not something that is focused on in medical education too much, and definitely wasn't being emphasized by small schools in the 80s (which is when this Ohio person went to school).
I just want to emphasize that the two studies you've linked to are not for US graduate DOs/MDs. One is for practicing physicians in Israel and the other is 1st year medical students in India. Not sure about the Israeli medical education, but in India a medical degree (mbbs) is an undergraduate degree. So looking at 1st year medical students is the equivalent of a fresh high school graduate. I would be interested to know what this looks like in the US because a large part of medical education is built around research, at least early in training. Everyone has varying aptitude and interest in research (like anything else), but you'd be hard pressed to find a US trained MD/DO who has become licensed in the last 20 years and has never done any research. It might surprise you to know that most of medicine is, in fact, evidence based which requires us to learn how to interpret said evidence. Both for when we need to make decisions about applying research to our own practice, as well as for answering patient questions about things they might've come across on Google, MD.
My background: I'm a medical student (MD school), in a combined MD/PhD program. I've completed my PhD and am in the last year of the MD.
I think you might be confusing DO's with chiropractors. Most DO's go through the same licensing exams and residencies as MDs. Some of the other comments are true that MD schools can be more difficult to get in to, but this has to do with their performance in undergraduate education. By the end of their respective programs, MDs and DOs are usually competing for the same residency programs using the same board exams.
Also to clarify, the rationale for tip based workers having a lower default minimum wage is that if they do not come up to the regular minimum wage with their tips+salary, then employer has to make up the difference. But usually they end up making more than minimum wage with the tips.