No. It's a flat approximation. The short answer is that once you take account for topography, your answer will always grow with surface resolution, and thus the actual surface area of rough topography is undefined.
This is fair. It is the medical profession that took the name from the academia. Unfortunately, it's come around to the point that some US states are now banning the use of the term for some higher level degrees to avoid confusion in the medical profession.
Well, most westerners over 50 are on drugs for all sorts of things getting high blood pressure, to diabetes, to cholesterol lowering meds. Not to mention caffeine, nicotine, alcohol and meth.
That is an extremely difficult task without a mountain of evidence of wrongdoing and a Republican house which is the one with the power of impeachment.
I like the INS approach, but couple that with cameras to correct for random walk error (this is much like our eyes correcting for our inner ear.)
I think the issue with Google maps requiring GPS differentials for getting your trajectory has mostly to do with it being agnostic of your phone's orientation while moving.
No. It's a flat approximation. The short answer is that once you take account for topography, your answer will always grow with surface resolution, and thus the actual surface area of rough topography is undefined.