In the US case it should be a federal ID. With a 6 or 7 letters ID should be more than enough. And compulsory at 13 y.o. You can drive, you have an ID.
Look at Spain. We have been using our IDs for decades and it's a great way to solve that problem. You just go to the voting table, show your ID (DNI) and vote. That's it. And it works for everything related to anything official.
But because of the voting system we don't have gerrymandering (or at least not that much).
In Spain we have a national id document. It's the size of a credit card and has your photo (and we all look like terrorists in that photo 🤪). And nobody dies for having it in the wallet.
At least they tell you you didn't pass. The norm is not answering.