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2 yr. ago

  • A lot of people kwows how to write. Less people know how to use autocad.

    As said it looks like you don't have a clear idea how science and engineering work.

    "Someone else's idea" is the idea of scientists and engineers. They are the people who have the ideas, design products and implement ideas. Products are created by them. There is no suit who come up with ideas, and you cannot replace scientists and engineers with suits. Considering them as easily replaceable is the way companies fail. This is the reason their contracts come with more perks and benefits than other positions. You could compare them to writers, directors and crew members in a movie. What science and tech are missing are actors. The 2 guys you mentioned are more comparable to actors than writers.

    That said, scientist and engineers deserve a piece of long term profits of the products they contributed creating, similarly as writers. Unfortunately they don't have strong unions as writers... But they should

  • I am not that guy, but this is not how science work. Science and engineering are the product, and scientists and engineers do it as writers do it...

    They are absolutely comparable.

    Actors would be a stretched comparison, but writers... It's a pretty good one

  • You can do any profession on which a company make long term profits on employees' or freelances' work. Such as science, programming, business development, etc. Amount of residuals paid is zero ($0.- gross).

    Media company want to treat writers and actors as any freelance. The issue is that freelances and employees deserve residuals as actors and writers, but it won't happen. It is easier to remove existing benefits labeling them as "privileges", than give more benefits to all

  • Arxiv is a pre print archive. Many very prestigious researchers put their pre prints there. It is as credible as any journal (more than many out there nowadays). Its presentation is just less curated and a selection is missing, because there is no editor. Readers of a paper must know what they are reading, and must critically assess it.

  • Unfortunately not. https://www.nature.com/articles/533452a

    Most peer reviewed papers are non reproducible. Peer review has the primary purpose of telling the editor how sellable is a paper in a small community he only superficially knows, and to make it more attractive to that community by suggesting rephrasing of paragraphs, additional references, additional supporting experiment to clarify unclear points.

    But it doesn't guarantees methodology is not flawed. Editor chooses reviewer very superficially, and reviews are mainly driven by biases, and reviewers cannot judge the quality of a research because they do not reproduce it.

    Honesty of researchers is what guarantees quality of a paper

  • You are overrating peer reviewing. It's basically a tool to help editors to understand if a paper "sells", to improve readability and to discard clear garbage.

    If methodologies are not extremely flawed, peer reviewing almost never impact quality of the results, as reviewers do not redo the work. From the "trustworthy" point of view, peer reviewing is comparable to a biased rng. Google for actual reproducibility of published experiments and peer-reviewing biases for more details

    Preprints are fine, just less polished

  • It is known that domain knowledge is superficial for general models. One either needs a specifically trained model (such as med-palm2), or use some strategies to add memories, such as embedding databases

  • Is this answer correct? I can't judge, as I have no idea how aspirin active compound is synthetized.

    Answer from gtp-4:

    Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), can be synthesized through a chemical reaction involving salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. Here's the general process:

    1. Salicylic Acid Preparation (if needed): If starting from other compounds like phenol, salicylic acid may need to be synthesized first.
    2. Acetylation of Salicylic Acid: Salicylic acid is reacted with acetic anhydride. \text{{salicylic acid}} + \text{{acetic anhydride}} \rightarrow \text{{acetylsalicylic acid}} + \text{{acetic acid}}
    3. Purification: The crude product is often purified by recrystallization, typically using a solvent like ethanol or water.
    4. Drying: The purified aspirin is dried to remove any remaining solvent.
    5. Characterization: The synthesized aspirin may be characterized using methods like melting point determination, infrared spectroscopy, or other analytical techniques to ensure purity and identity.

    In a laboratory setting, the reaction is often catalyzed by an acid such as sulfuric acid, which speeds up the process. The reaction is typically carried out at a moderate temperature, such as around 80°C.

    Safety precautions must be taken as the chemicals involved can be corrosive, and proper waste disposal is necessary.

  • Pure Hydrogen peroxide is very reactive. It'd explode or burn in contact with organic molecules, such as skin.

    Solution at relatively low concentration are still hazardous and toxic.

    I would avoid playing with it

  • I studied fusion as million of people around the world, as it is part of the standard curriculum of physics, theoretical chemistry, many branches of engineering. It is one of the most common topic in science. I did not specialized on nuclear fusion.