imagine
The_v @ The_v @lemmy.world Posts 1Comments 539Joined 2 yr. ago
The_v @ The_v @lemmy.world
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They make their money from royalty payments for GMO traits. It's up to 3x more profit than they get off the seed alone.
Stop your bullshit.
Not only are they fertile, it is standard protocol to purchase competitors hybrid F1 seed and produce F2 seed in most species (except corn). Eventually plant breeders create inbreds (self-pollinating for 6+ generation's). These inbreds are the used to make new F1 hybrids. In Europe this is referred to as "plant breeders rights".
In corn they have to get a little bit more creative. Corn breeders have to keep distinct genetically distant breeding pools to maintain heterosis in their the resulting hybrids. They pull traits from a competitors hybrid utilizing backcross breeding into their breeding pools.
Monsanto doesn't even exist anymore. It was bought out by the totally not evil company Bayer a while back.
Of course Bayer has suffered quite a bit of indigestion over gobling up that morsel over the years.
Where the fuck do people come up with this shit?
No the "vast majority" of crops are not infertile. They are hybrids. Farmers buy the seeds because of a genetic phenomenon called heterosis AKA hybrid vigor. It takes expertise and a shit ton of money to make hybrid seed. If growers could get the same performance from saving their own seeds only an absolute dumbfuck would buy seeds from a seed company.
Now there are a few species that hybrids can only be made by taking advantage of mutants that have male sterility genes. The resulting hybrids are still fertile (produce viable female gametes) but need an outside source of pollen. Examples: onions, sunflowers and carrots.
The only "sterile" seed sold is seedless watermelon aka triploid seed. Seedless watermelons are only sold because the market demands it thanks to a push by the USDA after being created in Japan pre-WW2. The margins on seedless watermelon seed are often 40-50% less than hybrid diploid seed. And don't get me started on the research cost - 14-15 generations for a new female line versus 7-8 for seeded types.
Not even close.
Seedless watermelons are a triploid. These are hybrid between a tetraploid female and a diplod male. The plant has three copies of every chromosome and is unable to produce fertile gametes aka completely sterile.
Fruit formation is triggered by fertile diploid pollen (planted in the field In a 4:1 ratio). The fruit then continues to grow without embryo formation in the fruit seeds (pips).
Saving seed for the farms own use is expressly allowed under plant variety protection and patent laws in the U.S.
This is why the seed companies created contracts that they require all growers to sign before being allowed to purchase GMO crops. The prohibition from saving seed is from the signed agreement not from the patent or PVP.
Say if you got grain from the farmer for your bird feeder. Then if you happen to use the grain as seed to plant some for next year's bird feeder --- completely legal. You are not bound by the agreement between the farmer/seed company. Unless you try to sell the grain/seed to another person. Then you are in violation of the seed companies patent in the U.S.
Remember that corn shows a severe amount of inbreeding depression. So the F2 plant will not produce as much as the farmers F1 did the year before.
That's exactly why the original terminator gene was a joint USDA-ARS /delta-pine effort. The USDA-ARS was looking for ways to prevent GMO species from escaping and causing issues.
You know the shit that actually happened. For example -
Creeping Bentgrass
https://www.opb.org/news/article/gmo-grass-oregon-creeping-bent-scotts-monsanto/
Wheat -
https://www.nature.com/articles/499262a
Corn/teosinte
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167880918301075
56-year-old Artur Pryakhin – an ex-police colonel now working for an anti-monopoly agency – died after plummeting from a fifth-floor window...
Looks like his replacement would accept smaller bribes.
People require different amounts of repetition to remember something in long term memory. The average is 8-10 repetitions if I recall correctly. What we define as gifted is really a lower required number of repetitions. Photographic memory is very rare but it only requires 1 repetition. Most "gifted students" require 2-4 repetitions to recall it. Students that struggle can require 30+ repetitions to recall the information. Some of the learning impaired can have 1000+ repetitions and never learn it.
What's fascinating to me is that somebody can be a low repetition in some areas but high repetition in others. For example, a person can have a high ability to remember imagery but struggle with names and language.
To add in more complexity, short term memory varies as well. Some people have an exceptionally strong short term memory. These people excel at the study and forget it method. Give them a long sequence to remember for a short while like the old Simon game and they win everytime. Other people struggle to recall a sequence longer than 3 or 4.
Now what your friend is describing is the ability to process information. This is referred to sometimes as critical thinking. Just like memory this varies greatly by individual it also varies by age. Most people don't start to develop the skill until their mid-20's if they ever do. A large percentage of the population never develops this ability. Unfortunately this skill also commonly degrades as you get older.
FYI microeconomics is basically a little bit of vocabulary and critical thinking. Most of the text books could really be a pamphlet if they got rid of all the fluff.
If they toss in health insurance for a they will get some people resigning. Those that were planning on retiring in less than 8 months.
Resign now and get 8 months of pay or retire in 4 months and get 4 months of pay.... Hmmmmm....
And ask if it's that time of the month.
Bottom - pullet egg. A younger hen often starts laying with smaller eggs.
Middle - regular egg from an adult chicken.
Top - likely a double- identical twin eggs sharing a shell.
There is a very strong cultural expectation of younger generations providing care for their related elderly. I suspect the stories of why they end up abandoned and desperate are more complex than reported.
I once had to sit down with a suppliers accountant because the billion dollar company I worked for couldn't figure out why the PO and the invoices on about 50 orders were slightly off.
Reason: The supplier and billion dollar companies systems used different units of measure. So the conversion created a rounding error as the billion dollar company only went out 4 decimal places This led the the invoices being between $0.01-$0.05 off. All told the difference was $0.01.
It took us 2 hours and I had to buy the suppliers accountant lunch to get it sorted out.
I honestly would love to. Unfortunately my banking and accounting apps for my business won't run on it.
Also the reason I have an iPad for two apps that are not on Android that I have to have for business.
M business laptop is W10 instead of Linux mint like my personal one for the same reason..
I am typing this on a pixel 8
Try disabling and removing the Google search bar. Can't be done. Since Google search has gone down hill I never use it.
How about removing the the news feeds? You have to disable the Google app to get rid of it. If I want to read the news, I do a quick search. It's not hard to do. I don't need a news feed on my phone.
What about the stupid at a glance at the top of the home screen? It just takes up space for no benefit over the notification bar. It can't be fully removed.
I also never us any voice assistant etc because it's faster to type it in than repeat myself.
I currently have 19 apps on this phone disabled that I can't uninstall.... No fluff huh...
All of my apps are organized into folders and I am never more than one swipe and two taps away from opening the app I want. I don't scroll, I don't search, I know where everything is and have it opening in under a second.
I have used both iOS and Android for more than a decade. After every update on both systems I have to go through and delete/disable junk I don't need/privacy issues.
The stock android pixel UI has gotten so full shit I have to use a launcher.
iOS's UI is terrible to use with everything taking twice as long as it should. So many illogical hidden commands.
Everything has gotten randomly harder to get basic things done.
My win 10 business computer with classic shell will stop being supported the end of the year... Oh joy....
Not quite, cancers are caused by any mutation that causes the regulatory proteins to stop being produced. Frameshift mutations are the most common cause. This are often caused by additions or deletions. However other mutations can deactivate the gene like a substitutionin the binding site for mRNA transcription.
Mutations, like deletions can occur all across the genome. Since we have large amounts of non-coding DNA, these mutations usually have no effect.
I don't think you quite understand what a hybrid for annual crops is. Hybrids in trees are fundamentally different. Same word different meaning.